National name:Rossiyskaya Federatsiya
GovernmentConstitutional federation.
Geography
The Russian Federation is the largest of the 21 republics that make up the Commonwealth of Independent States. It occupies most of eastern Europe and north Asia, stretching from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south.
Historical Background
Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after worldwar-I and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and the erosion of nascent democratic institutions. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya and threatens to destabilize the North Caucasus region. Medvedev won the March 2008 presidential election. On April 15, 2008, Putin was chosen as chairman of the United Russia party and agreed to become prime minister.
Facts & Figures
Name
RUSSIA
Capital
Moscow
Government
Federal semi-presidential republic
Language
Russian official throughout the country
Religion
Religion in Russia The Temple of All Religions in a multicultural city of Kazan
Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are Russia’s traditional religions
Area
17,075,400 km2 , 6,592,800 sq mi
Population
2010 estimate 141,927,297[3] (9th) 2010 census 141,945,966
Currency
Ruble (RUB)
GDP(PPP)
2010 estimate Total $2.219 trillion
GDP(nominal)
2010 estimate Total $1.477 trillion
Time Zone
(UTC+2 to +11 (exc. +4)) Summer (DST) (UTC+3 to +12 (exc. +5))
GovernmentConstitutional federation.
Geography
The Russian Federation is the largest of the 21 republics that make up the Commonwealth of Independent States. It occupies most of eastern Europe and north Asia, stretching from the Baltic Sea in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east, and from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Black Sea and the Caucasus in the south.
Historical Background
Founded in the 12th century, the Principality of Muscovy, was able to emerge from over 200 years of Mongol domination (13th-15th centuries) and to gradually conquer and absorb surrounding principalities. In the early 17th century, a new Romanov Dynasty continued this policy of expansion across Siberia to the Pacific. Under PETER I (ruled 1682-1725), hegemony was extended to the Baltic Sea and the country was renamed the Russian Empire. During the 19th century, more territorial acquisitions were made in Europe and Asia. The Communists under Vladimir LENIN seized power soon after worldwar-I and formed the USSR. The brutal rule of Iosif STALIN (1928-53) strengthened communist rule and Russian dominance of the Soviet Union at a cost of tens of millions of lives. The Soviet economy and society stagnated in the following decades until General Secretary Mikhail GORBACHEV (1985-91) introduced glasnost (openness) and perestroika (restructuring) in an attempt to modernize Communism, but his initiatives inadvertently released forces that by December 1991 splintered the USSR into Russia and 14 other independent republics. Since then, Russia has struggled in its efforts to build a democratic political system and market economy to replace the strict social, political, and economic controls of the Communist period. While some progress has been made on the economic front, recent years have seen a recentralization of power under Vladimir PUTIN and the erosion of nascent democratic institutions. A determined guerrilla conflict still plagues Russia in Chechnya and threatens to destabilize the North Caucasus region. Medvedev won the March 2008 presidential election. On April 15, 2008, Putin was chosen as chairman of the United Russia party and agreed to become prime minister.
Facts & Figures
Name
RUSSIA
Capital
Moscow
Government
Federal semi-presidential republic
Language
Russian official throughout the country
Religion
Religion in Russia The Temple of All Religions in a multicultural city of Kazan
Orthodox Christianity, Islam, Buddhism and Judaism are Russia’s traditional religions
Area
17,075,400 km2 , 6,592,800 sq mi
Population
2010 estimate 141,927,297[3] (9th) 2010 census 141,945,966
Currency
Ruble (RUB)
GDP(PPP)
2010 estimate Total $2.219 trillion
GDP(nominal)
2010 estimate Total $1.477 trillion
Time Zone
(UTC+2 to +11 (exc. +4)) Summer (DST) (UTC+3 to +12 (exc. +5))
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