National name: Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
Government
Republican parliamentary democracy.
Geography
Turkey is at the northeast end of the Mediterranean Sea in southeast Europe and southwest Asia. To the north is the Black Sea and to the west is the Aegean Sea. The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country. Its center is a treeless plateau rimmed by mountains.
Historical Background
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey, mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community.
Capital
Ankara
Government
Parliamentary republic
- Founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- President Abdullah Gül - Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo?an
- Speaker of the Parliament Mehmet Ali ?ahin
- President of the Constitutional Court Ha?im K?l?ç
Area
Total 783,562 km2 (37th) 302,535 sq mi
Population
-2010 census 77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)[1] (17)
Currency
Turkish lira[5] (TRY)
Government
Republican parliamentary democracy.
Geography
Turkey is at the northeast end of the Mediterranean Sea in southeast Europe and southwest Asia. To the north is the Black Sea and to the west is the Aegean Sea. The Dardanelles, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus divide the country. Its center is a treeless plateau rimmed by mountains.
Historical Background
Modern Turkey was founded in 1923 from the Anatolian remnants of the defeated Ottoman Empire by national hero Mustafa KEMAL, who was later honored with the title Ataturk, or "Father of the Turks." Under his authoritarian leadership, the country adopted wide-ranging social, legal, and political reforms. After a period of one-party rule, an experiment with multi-party politics led to the 1950 election victory of the opposition Democratic Party and the peaceful transfer of power. In 1997, the military again helped engineer the ouster - popularly dubbed a "post-modern coup" - of the then Islamic oriented government. Turkey intervened militarily on Cyprus in 1974 to prevent a Greek takeover of the island and has since acted as patron state to the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus," which only Turkey recognizes. A separatist insurgency begun in 1984 by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) - now known as the People's Congress of Kurdistan or Kongra-Gel (KGK) - has dominated the Turkish military's attention and claimed more than 30,000 lives. After the capture of the group's leader in 1999, the insurgents largely withdrew from Turkey, mainly to northern Iraq. In 2004, KGK announced an end to its ceasefire and attacks attributed to the KGK increased. Turkey joined the UN in 1945 and in 1952 it became a member of NATO. In 1964, Turkey became an associate member of the European Community.
Capital
Ankara
Government
Parliamentary republic
- Founder Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- President Abdullah Gül - Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdo?an
- Speaker of the Parliament Mehmet Ali ?ahin
- President of the Constitutional Court Ha?im K?l?ç
Area
Total 783,562 km2 (37th) 302,535 sq mi
Population
-2010 census 77,804,122 (July 2010 est.)[1] (17)
Currency
Turkish lira[5] (TRY)
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