1. MalariaAn insect-borne tropical disease.
CauseMalaria parasite (Plasmodium) which enters the blood through a mosquito bite (female anopheles).
SymptomsShivering, fever, repeated attacks lead to enlargement of spleen. Also leads to anaemia, pigmentation of the face, and general weakness.
Cure/PreventionAdministration of quinine or plaudrine. Prevented by keeping the surroundings free of mosquitoes.
2. TuberculosisAn infectious and endemic disease, both air-borne and caused by food, unhealthy living and working conditions.
Cause Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(detected by Robert Koch in the mid 19th century), a type of bacteria. It attacks a person suffering from malnutrition, weak chest, unhealthy living and working conditions.
SymptomsGeneral weakness, regular fever (generally in the evening and not very high), coughing, bloodstained sputum.
Cure/PreventionStreptomycin and surgery.
Prevented by BCG inoculation and healthy living and working atmosphere.
BCGThe vaccine was developed in 1922 by Leon Calmette and Camille Guerrin in Paris and called BCG after them. (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin).
3. CholeraAn acute epidemic, water and food-borne disease. Cause Cholera vibrio or Vibriocholerae which attacks during exposure to chill, when stomach is empty for a long duration, eating of unripe or overripe fruits, and stale food.
SymptomsVomiting, stomach ache, frequent loose stools followed by fever and unconsciousness.
Cure/PreventionAvoiding consumption of cut fruits exposed to flies, and contaminated water. Anticholera drugs are administered.
4. Tetanus
Cause Bacillus tetanusandClostridium tetaniwhich live in soil, dust, cow and horse dung. It attacks an open wound exposed to dust and soil.
SymptomsPainful contraction of muscles, usually of neck and jaws, followed by paralysis of thoracic muscles.
Cure/PreventionPreventing exposure of wounds to dust and administering of Anti-Tetanus (ATS) injection.
5. DiphtheriaAn acute infectious disease of the throat.
CauseAcute infection by diphtheria bacillus/corynebacterium diphtheria causing infection of throat.
SymptomsInflammation of throat where a grey membrane (a false membrane on mucous surface) is formed. Pain and swelling of throat, with fever.
Cure/PreventionImmunisation vaccine of diphtheria antitoxin within 12-24 hours of appearance of symptoms.
6. TyphoidA food- and water-borne infectious disease.
Cause Salmonella typhi bacillustransmitted through contaminated food and water, either directly by sewage or indirectly by hands and faulty hygiene.
SymptomsTemperature, slow pulse, abdominal tenderness, rosecoloured rash.
Cure/PreventionRest and administration of chloromycetin, proper sanitation, protection of eatables.
7. PlagueA contagious disease which takes the form of an epidemic.
Cause Pasteurella pestis, spread by infected rats. Transfer of infection from rat to man through flea bite or accidental contact with infected rats.
SymptomsAcute body ache, reddish eyes, sudden rise in temperatue, inflammation of neck glands and glands in armpits, and
thighs.
Cure/PreventionAntiplague inoculation, isolation of patient, disinfection of patient’s clothes and utensils, burning of killed rats. Sulpha drugs and streptomycin administration.
8. TyphusA viral infectionCauseRickettsia prowazekii, usually caused by poor hygiene and malnutrition.
SymptomsHigh fever, skin eruptions, and
severe headache.
Cure/preventionSulphonamides and antibiotics.
9. Pneumonia
Cause Diplococus pneumonia
SymptomsChills, pain in chest, rusty sputum, rapid breathing, abdominal pain.
Cure/PreventionAntibiotics
10. GonorrhoeaA venereal disease CauseNeisseria gonorrhea, through sexual intercourse with infected person.
SymptomsRedness, swelling, pus discharge through urethra, painful urination.
CurePenicillin G, tetracycline.
11. Syphilis
Cause Treponema pallidumtransmitted through sexual contact.
SymptomsA hard painless sore on the genitalia, skin eruption.
Cure/PreventionPenicillin, protected sexual intercourse.
12. WhoopingChiefly occurs among infantsCoughand children.
Cause Nemophilus pertusistransmitted through air.
SymptomsSevere cough, usually at night.
Cure/PreventionImmunisation of infants with immunity serum
CauseMalaria parasite (Plasmodium) which enters the blood through a mosquito bite (female anopheles).
SymptomsShivering, fever, repeated attacks lead to enlargement of spleen. Also leads to anaemia, pigmentation of the face, and general weakness.
Cure/PreventionAdministration of quinine or plaudrine. Prevented by keeping the surroundings free of mosquitoes.
2. TuberculosisAn infectious and endemic disease, both air-borne and caused by food, unhealthy living and working conditions.
Cause Mycobacterium tuberculosis
(detected by Robert Koch in the mid 19th century), a type of bacteria. It attacks a person suffering from malnutrition, weak chest, unhealthy living and working conditions.
SymptomsGeneral weakness, regular fever (generally in the evening and not very high), coughing, bloodstained sputum.
Cure/PreventionStreptomycin and surgery.
Prevented by BCG inoculation and healthy living and working atmosphere.
BCGThe vaccine was developed in 1922 by Leon Calmette and Camille Guerrin in Paris and called BCG after them. (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin).
3. CholeraAn acute epidemic, water and food-borne disease. Cause Cholera vibrio or Vibriocholerae which attacks during exposure to chill, when stomach is empty for a long duration, eating of unripe or overripe fruits, and stale food.
SymptomsVomiting, stomach ache, frequent loose stools followed by fever and unconsciousness.
Cure/PreventionAvoiding consumption of cut fruits exposed to flies, and contaminated water. Anticholera drugs are administered.
4. Tetanus
Cause Bacillus tetanusandClostridium tetaniwhich live in soil, dust, cow and horse dung. It attacks an open wound exposed to dust and soil.
SymptomsPainful contraction of muscles, usually of neck and jaws, followed by paralysis of thoracic muscles.
Cure/PreventionPreventing exposure of wounds to dust and administering of Anti-Tetanus (ATS) injection.
5. DiphtheriaAn acute infectious disease of the throat.
CauseAcute infection by diphtheria bacillus/corynebacterium diphtheria causing infection of throat.
SymptomsInflammation of throat where a grey membrane (a false membrane on mucous surface) is formed. Pain and swelling of throat, with fever.
Cure/PreventionImmunisation vaccine of diphtheria antitoxin within 12-24 hours of appearance of symptoms.
6. TyphoidA food- and water-borne infectious disease.
Cause Salmonella typhi bacillustransmitted through contaminated food and water, either directly by sewage or indirectly by hands and faulty hygiene.
SymptomsTemperature, slow pulse, abdominal tenderness, rosecoloured rash.
Cure/PreventionRest and administration of chloromycetin, proper sanitation, protection of eatables.
7. PlagueA contagious disease which takes the form of an epidemic.
Cause Pasteurella pestis, spread by infected rats. Transfer of infection from rat to man through flea bite or accidental contact with infected rats.
SymptomsAcute body ache, reddish eyes, sudden rise in temperatue, inflammation of neck glands and glands in armpits, and
thighs.
Cure/PreventionAntiplague inoculation, isolation of patient, disinfection of patient’s clothes and utensils, burning of killed rats. Sulpha drugs and streptomycin administration.
8. TyphusA viral infectionCauseRickettsia prowazekii, usually caused by poor hygiene and malnutrition.
SymptomsHigh fever, skin eruptions, and
severe headache.
Cure/preventionSulphonamides and antibiotics.
9. Pneumonia
Cause Diplococus pneumonia
SymptomsChills, pain in chest, rusty sputum, rapid breathing, abdominal pain.
Cure/PreventionAntibiotics
10. GonorrhoeaA venereal disease CauseNeisseria gonorrhea, through sexual intercourse with infected person.
SymptomsRedness, swelling, pus discharge through urethra, painful urination.
CurePenicillin G, tetracycline.
11. Syphilis
Cause Treponema pallidumtransmitted through sexual contact.
SymptomsA hard painless sore on the genitalia, skin eruption.
Cure/PreventionPenicillin, protected sexual intercourse.
12. WhoopingChiefly occurs among infantsCoughand children.
Cause Nemophilus pertusistransmitted through air.
SymptomsSevere cough, usually at night.
Cure/PreventionImmunisation of infants with immunity serum
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